Soybean Performance in Ontario in 2002

Malheur Experiment Station

Information for Sustainable Agriculture

Soybean Performance in Ontario in 2002

Erik B.G. Feibert, Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders

Malheur Experiment Station

Oregon State University

Ontario, OR

Introduction

Soybean is a potentially valuable new crop for Oregon. Soybean could provide a high quality protein for animal nutrition and oil for human consumption, both of which are in short supply in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). In addition, edible or vegetable soybean production could provide a raw material for specialized food products. Soybean is valuable as a rotation crop because of the soil-improving qualities of its residues and its N₂-fixing capability. Because of the high-value irrigated crops typically grown in the Snake River valley, soybeans may be economically feasible only at high yields.

Soybean varieties developed for the midwestern and southern states are not necessarily well adapted to Oregon's lower night temperatures, lower relative humidity, and other climatic differences. Previous research at Ontario, Oregon has shown that, compared to the commercial cultivars bred for the Midwest, plants for eastern Oregon need to have high tolerance to seed shatter and lodging, reduced plant height, increased seed set, and higher harvest index (ratio of seed to the whole plant).

M. Seddigh and G.D. Jolliff at Oregon State University, Corvallis identified a soybean line that would fill pods when subjected to cool night temperatures. That line was crossed at Corvallis with productive lines to produce 'OR-6' and 'OR-8', among others. At this point, the development moved to Ontario, Oregon. At our request 'OR-6' and 'OR-8' were crossed for several years with early-maturing high-yielding semi-dwarf lines by R.L. Cooper to produce semi-dwarf lines with potential adaptation to the PNW. Selection criteria at the Malheur Experiment Station included high yield, zero lodging, zero shatter, low plant height, and maturity in the available growing season. In 1992, 241 single plants were selected from five F5 lines that were originally bred and selected for adaptation to eastern Oregon. Seed from these selections was planted and evaluated in 1993. Eighteen selections were found promising and selected for further testing in larger plots from 1994 through 1999. Of the 18 lines, 8 were selected for further testing. In 1999, selections from one of the lines were made by Peter Sexton at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Madras, Oregon. Sixteen of these Madras selections were chosen for further testing. In 2000 selections were made from six of the 1992 Ontario lines and from 'OR-6'. This report summarizes work done in 2002 as part of the continuing breeding and selection program to adapt soybeans to eastern Oregon.

Methods

The trial was conducted on a Greenleaf silt loam previously planted to soybean. One hundred and forty lb of S, 2 lb of Cu, and 1 lb of B were broadcast in the fall of 2001. The field was then disked twice, moldboard plowed, groundhogged twice and bedded to 22-inch rows.

Three separate trials were conducted in 2002. Trial A consisted of five commercial cultivars, eight older lines selected at the Malheur Experiment Station in 1992, and nine lines selected in 1999 at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Trial B included 41 lines selected in 2000 at the Malheur Experiment Station. All cultivars in trials A and B were planted in plots 4 rows by 25 ft. The plots in each trial were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Trial C included another 25 lines that were selected in 2000 at the Malheur Experiment Station and were planted in plots 4 rows by 25 ft with one replicate. The seed was planted on May 24 at 200,000 seeds/acre in rows 22 inches apart. Seed was treated with Apro Maxx fungicide. Rhizobium japonicum soil implant inoculant was applied in the seed furrow at planting. Emergence started on May 30. The field was furrow irrigated as necessary. The field was sprayed with Orthene at 1 lb ai/acre on July 20 for lygus bug and stinkbug control. The field was sprayed again on August 14 with Dimethoate at 0.5 lb ai/acre for stinkbug, lygus bug, and spider mite control.

Plant height and reproductive stage were measured weekly for each cultivar. Stand counts were made in 3 ft of the middle two rows in each plot. Prior to harvest, each plot was evaluated for lodging and seed shatter. Lodging was rated as the degree to which the plants were leaning over (0 = vertical, 10 = prostrate). The middle two rows in each four-row plot were harvested on October 7 using a Wintersteiger Nurserymaster small plot combine. Beans were cleaned, weighed, and oven dried to determine moisture content. Dry bean yields were corrected to 13 percent moisture. Variety lodging, plant population, yield, and seed count were compared by analysis of variance. Means separation was determined by the protected least significant difference test.

Results and Discussion

Yields for trial A ranged from 45 bu/acre for 'OR-8' to 74 bu/acre for 'M15' (Table 1). Yields for trial B ranged from 36 bu/acre for '1003' to 73 bu/acre for '106' (Table 2). Yields for trial C ranged from 40 bu/acre for '904' to 66 bu/acre for '308' and '515' (Table 3). Several of the lines had seed counts sufficient for the manufacturing of tofu (<2,270 seeds/lb). Several lines in each trial combined high yields, little lodging, and early maturity. Considerable yield advantages were obtained through continued selection.

Table 1. Performance of soybean cultivars in trial A, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR. Cultivars M92-085 through M92-350 are from single plant selections made at the Malheur Experiment Station in 1992. Cultivars M1 through M16 are from single plant selections made from M92-330 by Peter Sexton at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Madras, OR in 1999.

Cultivar	Days to maturity	Days to harvest maturity	Plant population	Lodging	Height	Seed count	Yield
	days from emergence		plants/acre	0-10	cm	seeds/lb	bu/acre
M92-085	99	105	78753	5	80	2286	64.1
M92-213	105	112	72417	1	80	2213	50.4
M92-220	99	105	87806	4	90	2667	69.4
M92-225	91	105	66986	6	80	2498	58.9
M92-237	105	112	90521	7	80	2673	58.2
M92-314	105	112	72417	6	90	2949	50.9
M92-330	91	105	84185	4	80	2311	61.2
M92-350	91	105	78753	7	80	2751	55
OR-6	99	105	66986	9	90	2378	51.5
OR-8	105	112	73322	9	70	2202	45.3
Evans	105	112	79659	9	90	2407	51.3
Gnome 85	99	105	69701	8	80	2292	60
Korada	99	105	81469	6	75	2475	67.2
Lambert	105	112	82374	8	80	2385	62.9
Sibley	112	119	77848	9	75	2242	51
M1	91	105	81469	6	70	2426	65.7
M2	99	105	82374	6	85	2263	65
M3	99	105	83279	6	80	2523	63.7
M4	99	105	79659	5	70	2453	66.1
M9	99	105	85090	6	70	2331	66.3
M12	91	105	80564	5	75	2146	65.7
M13	91	105	71512	6	80	2475	70.4
M15	99	105	66080	6	80	2353	73.8
M16	91	105	89616	4	90	2263	65.7
LSD (0.05)			NS	2		232	10.1

Table 2. Performance of soybean cultivars in trial B. All lines are from single plant selections made at the Malheur Experiment Station in 2000, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR.

Cultivar	Origin	Days to maturity	Days to harvest maturity	Plant population	Lodging	Height	Seed count	Yield
		days from emergence		plants/acre	0-10	cm	seeds/lb	bu/acre
101	M92-085	99	105	83,279	6	80	2102	68.6
103	M92-085	91	105	84,185	6	80	2202	69.6
104	M92-085	91	105	72,417	6	80	2263	66.3
106	M92-085	91	105	92,332	6	80	2152	72.9
107	M92-085	91	105	85,090	6	70	2263	66.9
108	M92-085	91	105	81,469	5	75	2202	68.1
303	M92-220	99	105	73,322	4	90	2324	64.2
305	M92-220	99	105	91,426	2	80	2324	68.8
307	M92-220	99	105	92,332	3	90	2324	69.1
309	M92-220	99	105	83,279	4	90	2461	65.3
313	M92-220	105	112	88,711	5	95	2385	63.6
401	M92-225	99	105	84,185	3	70	2599	54.9
402	M92-225	91	105	80,564	6	65	2446	56
403	M92-225	91	105	89,616	5	80	2102	68
404	M92-225	84	91	83,279	8	70	2599	58.7
405	M92-225	84	91	86,900	8	70	2599	60.4
406	M92-225	91	105	69,701	6	80	2446	54.4
407	M92-225	91	105	72,417	6	70	2538	53.3
409	M92-225	99	105	88,711	6	80	2446	53.2
411	M92-225	84	91	81,469	5	70	2523	57.4
412	M92-225	91	105	76,038	5	60	2676	55.5
413	M92-225	91	99	37,511	7	70	2385	55.1
414	M92-225	105	112	79,659	6	85	2523	59.9
505	M92-237	105	112	76,038	9	90	2324	43.5
508	M92-237	105	112	84,185	8	90	2446	52
510	M92-237	105	112	81,469	6	90	2385	62.5
511	M92-237	99	105	79,659	3	90	2461	67.2
512	M92-237	105	112	84,185	9	90	2461	50.9
513	M92-237	105	112	83,279	9	90	2385	46.6
514	M92-237	84	91	90,521	2	80	2202	66.4
516	M92-237	84	91	82,374	3	60	2324	66
517	M92-237	91	105	77,848	9	80	2324	52.8
518	M92-237	99	105	84,185	2	70	2324	63.3
601	M92-314	99	105	91,426	2	90	2385	68.5
608	M92-314	91	105	77,848	6	80	2163	68.2
702	M92-330	99	105	84,185	9	80	2202	63
903	OR-6	91	105	87,806	9	70	2324	49.9
909	OR-6	99	105	80,564	8	90	2263	53.3
1001	OR-6	105	112	76,943	9	80	2102	39.4
1002	OR-6	112	112	82,374	10	90	2202	41.2
1003	OR-6	112	112	89,616	9	95	2213	36
LSD (0.05)				NS	2			6.5

Table 3. Performance of soybean cultivars in trial C. All lines are from single plant selections made at the Malheur Experiment Station in 2000, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR.

Cultivar	Origin	Days to maturity*	Lodging	Height	Seed count	Yield
			0-10	cm	seeds/lb	bu/acre
308	M92-220	105	0	90	2446	65.7
311	M92-220	105	0	95	2202	60.4
312	M92-220	105	1	95	2202	64.7
408	M92-225	91	4	80	2446	50.5
415	M92-225	99	7	80	2446	56.3
504	M92-237	91	7	80	2446	57.6
515	M92-237	91	2	85	2202	65.7
904	OR-6	99	9	80	2202	39.6
905	OR-6	99	9	80	2202	48.6
908	OR-6	99	10	80	2202	46.0
911	OR-6	99	9	80	2446	46.3
912	OR-6	99	9	80	2202	41.8
202	M92-213	105	0	90	2202	55.2
203	M92-213	105	0	95	2202	55.5
204	M92-213	105	0	90	2001	48.0
205	M92-213	105	3	90	2202	55.5
206	M92-213	105	0	90	2001	49.5
207	M92-213	105	3	90	2202	50.1
208	M92-213	105	0	95	1835	56.1
209	M92-213	105	1	95	2202	43.3
210	M92-213	105	3	90	2446	52.0
211	M92-213	105	1	90	2001	55.2
212	M92-213	105	1	90	2202	52.2
213	M92-213	105	3	90	2001	53.1
214	M92-213	105	1	90	2001	46.7