Malheur Experiment Station
|
Information for Sustainable Agriculture
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EVALUATION OF PROGRESS® AND BETAMIX® FORMULATIONS FOR WEED CONTROL AND SUGAR BEET RESPONSE
Corey V. Ransom, Charles A. Rice, and Joey K. Ishida
Malheur Experiment Station
Oregon State University
Ontario, OR, 2003
Introduction
Pressure from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to remove the carrier isophorone from the current formulations
of Betamix (desmedipham + phenmedipham) and Progress (ethofumesate +
desmedipham + phenmedipham) herbicides has lead Bayer CropScience to
develop formulations of these products that use oil-based carriers. The
objective of this trial was to determine if sugar beet tolerance and
weed control efficacy with the experimental oil-based formulations of
Progress (AE B049913) and Betamix (AE B038584) are similar to their
respective commercial formulations.
Methods
This trial was established at the Malheur Experiment Station under furrow irrigation on April 4,
2003. Sugar beets (Hilleshog 'PM-21') were planted in 22-inch rows at a
2-inch seed spacing. On April 3, weed seed was spread over the entire
experimental area to promote an even weed distribution. After planting
the trial was corrugated and Counter 20 CR was applied in a 7-inch band
over the row at 6 oz/1,000 ft of row. Sugar beets were thinned to
8-inch spacing on May 13 and 14. Plots were sidedressed on June 3 with 176 lb
nitrogen (urea), 96 lb phosphate, 100 lb potash, 38 lb sulfates, 62 lb
elemental sulfur, 2 lb zinc, and 1 lb/acre boron. All plots were
treated with Roundup (0.75 lb ai/acre) on April 11 prior to sugar beet
emergence. On May16, Temik 15G (14 lb/acre) was applied for sugar beet root maggot control. For
powdery mildew control, Headline (12 fl oz/acre) was applied on June 17
and again on July 2 with Super Six liquid sulfur (16 pt/acre). Topsin M
(0.5 lb/acre) was applied on August 4. All fungicide treatments were
applied by air. Herbicide treatments were broadcast-applied with a CO2-pressurized
backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 30 psi. Plots
were four rows wide and 27 ft long and treatments were arranged in a
randomized complete block design with four replicates.
Experimental and commercial formulations of
Progress and Betamix were applied alone at 4.0 oz ai/acre and in a
micro-rate at 1.28 and 2.56 oz ai/acre with UpBeet (triflusulfuron) at
0.063 oz ai/acre, Stinger (clopyralid) at 0.5 oz ai/acre, and Scoil
(methylated seed oil) at 1.5 percent v/v. The experimental and
commercial formulations were applied three times alone with the first
application to cotyledon beets, the second to two-leaf beets, and the
third to six-leaf beets. The three application dates were April 22, May
2, and May 13. The micro-rate treatments were applied four times with
applications to cotyledon beets on April 22, two-leaf beets on April
29, four-leaf beets on May 4, and six-leaf beets on May 13.
Sugar
beet injury and weed control were evaluated
throughout the season. Sugar beet yields were determined by harvesting
the center two rows of each plot on October 6 and 7.
Root yields were adjusted to account for a 5 percent tare. One sample
of 16 beets was taken from each plot for quality analysis. The samples
were coded and sent to Hilleshog Mono-Hy Research Station in Nyssa,
Oregon, to determine beet pulp sucrose content and purity. Sucrose
content and recoverable sucrose were estimated using empirical
equations. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance
procedures and means were separated using protected LSD at the 95
percent confidence interval (P = 0.05). The untreated control was not
included in the analysis of variance for weed control or crop response.
Results and Discussion
In general, weed control was less with the
experimental and commercial Progress and Betamix herbicides applied
alone at standard rates compared with the micro-rate treatments (Table
1). On June 6, the experimental formulations, compared with their
commercial equivalents, provided similar control of nightshade, common
lambsquarters, and kochia. The only difference was observed with the
experimental Progress formulation, which controlled pigweed less than
its commercial formulation on June 16.
Sugar beet injury ranged from 12 to 22 percent on
May 5 prior to the last herbicide application for both the micro and
standard rate programs (Table 2). On June 2 (21 days after treatment),
sugar beet injury had decreased with most treatments and was similar
between the experimental and commercial formulations, whether applied
alone at standard rates or in the micro-rate program. Sugar beet root
and estimated recoverable sucrose yields were not different when
comparing the experimental formulations with their respective
commercial formulations applied alone at standard rates or as part of
the micro-rate program (Table 2). There were no differences in percent
sucrose or percent extraction among any of the treatments.
Table 1. Weed control with experimental and
commercial Progress and Betamix formulations, Malheur Experiment
Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2003.
|
|
|
Weed control § |
|
|
|
Pigweed spp‡ |
|
Night- shade |
|
Lambs- quarters |
|
Kochia |
Treatment* |
Rate |
Timing† |
6-16 |
8-5 |
|
8-5 |
|
8-5 |
|
6-16 |
8-5 |
|
oz ai/acre |
|
------------------------------------------%------------------------------------------ |
Exp. Progress Exp. Progress Exp. Progress |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
80 |
18 |
|
90 |
|
95 |
|
94 |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Progress Progress |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
93 |
48 |
|
95 |
|
94 |
|
90 |
73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exp. Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Exp. Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
100 |
93 |
|
98 |
|
99 |
|
95 |
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
99 |
91 |
|
100 |
|
100 |
|
100 |
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exp. Betamix Exp. Betamix Exp. Betamix |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
84 |
30 |
|
88 |
|
98 |
|
74 |
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betamix Betamix Betamix |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
90 |
43 |
|
94 |
|
100 |
|
83 |
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exp. Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Exp. Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
100 |
74 |
|
100 |
|
100 |
|
96 |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
100 |
90 |
|
98 |
|
100 |
|
92 |
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Untreated control |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
|
-- |
-- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
|
|
11 |
34 |
|
8 |
|
NS |
|
15 |
28 |
*Experimental Progress (AE B049913) and Betamix (AE B038584) formulations are oil-based.
†Applications were made (1) April 19
to cotyledon beets, (2) April 23 to full cotyledon beets, (3) April 26
to cotyledon to 2-leaf beets, (4) April 30 to 2-leaf beets, (5) May 1
to 2-leaf beets, and (6) May 12 to 8-leaf beets.
‡Pigweed species included Powell amaranth and redroot pigweed.
§The untreated control was not included in the weed control analysis.
Table 2. Sugar beet injury
and yield with experimental and commercial Progress and Betamix
formulations, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University,
Ontario, OR, 2003.
|
|
|
Sugar beet |
|
|
|
Injury† |
|
Yield‡ |
Treatment |
Rate |
Timing* |
5-5 |
6-2 |
|
Root yield |
Sucrose |
Extraction |
ERS§ |
|
oz ai/acre |
|
---------- % ---------- |
|
ton/acre |
---------- % ----------- |
lb/acre |
Exp. Progress Exp. Progress Exp. Progress |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
12 |
16 |
|
42.1 |
16.5 |
92.7 |
12,917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Progress Progress |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
16 |
13 |
|
44.7 |
16.5 |
92.9 |
13,670 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exp. Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Exp. Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
19 |
9 |
|
46.6 |
16.1 |
92.6 |
13,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Progress + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
21 |
10 |
|
46.6 |
16.3 |
91.8 |
14,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exp. Betamix Exp. Betamix Exp. Betamix |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
21 |
12 |
|
39.7 |
16.4 |
92.9 |
12,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betamix Betamix Betamix |
4.0 5.3 5.3 |
2 4 6 |
17 |
7 |
|
43.5 |
16.1 |
92.5 |
12,965 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exp. Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Exp. Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
22 |
18 |
|
45.0 |
16.3 |
92.5 |
13,566 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO Betamix + UpBeet + Stinger + MSO |
1.28 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v 2.56 + 0.064 + 0.5 + 1.5% v/v |
1, 3 5, 6 |
22 |
14 |
|
45.6 |
16.1 |
92.2 |
13,561 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Untreated control |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
26.5 |
16.1 |
92.7 |
7,878 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
|
|
6 |
6 |
|
6.4 |
NS |
NS |
2,492 |
*Applications were made (1) April 19 to
cotyledon beets, (2) April 23 to full cotyledon beets, (3) April 26 to
cotyledon to 2-leaf beets, (4) April 30 to 2-leaf beets, (5) May 1 to
2-leaf beets, and (6) May 12 to 8-leaf beets.
†The untreated control was not included in the sugar beet injury analysis.
‡Sugar beets were harvested on October 7-8, 2003.
§ERS = Estimated recoverable sucrose.
MES
Publications, MES
Notice of events, Vegetation,Malheur County, Leslie Gulch,Succor Creek,Owyhee River,Local wildlife,Strawberry
Mountain, Eagle
Caps
For
additional information about the Malheur Agricultural Experiment
Station, please send an e-mail request to:
Dr. Clinton C. Shock
Clinton.Shock@oregonstate.edu
Malheur Agricultural Experiment
Station
595 Onion Avenue
Ontario, OR 97914
(541) 889-2174
FAX (541) 889-7831
Last updated
Wednesday July 7, 2004 .
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