|
|
Application Timing and Tank mixes With RoundUp Originalmax®
over-the-top
of RoundUp Ready® Sugar Beets
Joel Felix and Joey Ishida
Malheur Experiment Station
Oregon State University
Ontario, OR, 2007
Introduction
Weed control
is considered a
major challenge in many, if not all, crops and production
systems. Sugar beets are especially vulnerable to
weeds due to their poor competitiveness at the early growth stage,
before their leaves cover the ground. Emerging sugar
beets are small, lack vigor, and take about 60-90 days to cover the
ground. This is why sugar beet growers have
traditionally used preplant or preemergence (PRE) herbicides to
control weeds that emerge together with the crop. The
introduction of Roundup Ready® (RR) sugar beets
presents an opportunity for growers to employ a total postemergence
(POST) weed management program. If root yields are to
be maximized, the total POST weed management program will require
diligent monitoring of weed cohorts that emerge in
succession. The proponents of soil-applied herbicides
argue that it is a sound way to minimize weed biotype selection and
a viable way to provide sustainable weed control. A
field study was conducted at the Malheur Experiment Station in
Ontario, Oregon to determine crop response
to herbicide tank mixtures of conventional herbicides with RoundUp
OriginalMax®
to control weeds in RR sugar
beets.
Materials and Methods
A trial was conducted during 2007 in a field that had been ripped, moldboard plowed, disked several times, and bedded during fall of the previous year. The beds were 22 inches wide and the field was bed harrowed during spring following application of Roundup OriginalMax at 18 fl oz/acre to control all emerged weeds before planting. The field had previously been planted to wheat, and had a pH of 7.65, 2.1 percent organic matter, CEC (cation exchange capacity) of 18.5, and the predominant soil was an Owyhee silt loam.
The study was laid out following a randomized complete block design with plots measuring 4 rows wide by 30 ft and four replications. Sugar beet seeds, variety 'BTSCT01RR07', were planted on April 19, 2007 using tractor-mounted flexi-planter units with double-disc furrow openers and cone seeders fed from a spinner divider that uniformly distributed the seeds within the row. Sugar beet seeds were dropped at the rate of 8 seeds/ft of row and later thinned to 8 inches between plants within a row.
The study was sidedressed with Temik 15G® at 10 lbs/acre on May 22 to control sugar beet maggot and the rows were recorrugated to allow free movement of irrigation water. The field was furrow irrigated for 24 hours to move the insecticide into the sugar beet seedling root zone. The study was initially irrigated for 24 hours every 2 weeks starting April 20 and weekly starting May 23 until September 18, 2007. Cultivation and corrugation to open up irrigation furrows was done three times before leaf canopy closure.
All herbicide treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre with a boom fitted with four TeeJet EVS 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatments that included Nortron® PRE (application timing code A) were applied on April 11 and incorporated as required by the label. Other herbicide application timings were May 4, 2007 (B = sugar beet at the cotyledon stage); May 10 (C = sugar beet at the 2-leaf stage); May 25 (D = sugar beet at the 4-leaf stage); May 25 (E = sugar beet at the 6-leaf stage); and June 16 (H = sugar beet at canopy closure).
Enable® fungicide at 8 fl oz/acre with 1 percent v/v crop oil concentrate plus sulfur at 4 lb/acre and boron at 0.10 lb/acre were applied using an aerial applicator on June 30. Additional aerial application of fungicides/insecticides on July 14, August 1, and August 22, 2007 delivered Headline® at 12 oz/acre, Topsin M® at 1lb/acre, and Asana® at 9.6 oz/acre plus Enable at 8 oz/acre, respectively.
A final weed evaluation was done on October 9, 2007 before the foliage was flailed and the crowns removed with rotating knives on tractor-mounted equipment. Sugar beets were mechanically harvested on October 12, 2007 and a beet weight for each plot was recorded before transporting samples to the Snake River Sugar factory for sugar analysis.
The sugar beet weight from each plot was multiplied by a factor of 0.90 to correct for tare. Sugar concentrations were determined by multiplying measured sucrose by 0.98 to estimate the sugar that would have been lost to respiration if the beets had been stored in a pile. The percent sugar extraction was calculated using the formula:
Ext = 250 + [(1,255.2 * Cond) - (15,000 * Sug) - 6,185] / Sug * (98.66 - 7.845 * Cond)
Where Ext is percent sugar extraction, Cond is the electrical conductivity in mmho, and Sug is the sucrose concentration in percent.
The data were subjected to analysis of variance to determine treatment differences using the least significant difference at P = 0.05.
Results
Roundup Ready sugar beet responded differently to soil-applied herbicides followed by POST application of Roundup OriginalMax tank-mixes with other products (Tables 1-5). There was a noticeable reduction in the level of control for kochia, pigweed species, common lambsquarters, and hairy nightshade when Nortron at 3 pt/acre was applied PRE followed by a combination of Progress Ultra® plus Upbeet® plus Stinger® at 0.77 pt/acre plus 1.5 oz/acre plus 4 oz/acre, respectively, and the micro-rate program. Visual evaluations done on May 25, 2007 (14 days after application of treatment code C) indicated a reduction in sugar beet growth for POST treatments that included a combination of Progress Ultra plus Upbeet plus Stinger at 0.77 pt/acre plus 1.5 oz/acre plus 4 oz/acre, respectively (Table 2). The sugar beet leaves were lime yellow and the plants were relatively shorter compared to those treated with other herbicide combinations. The reduction in growth and yellowing of the leaves was still visible during the evaluation on July 3, 2007 (Tables 4 and 5). The observed reduction in growth for these treatments (11 and 12) culminated in a significant reduction in sugar beet root yield and gross sugar (lbs/acre) (Table 6).
Weed control was generally excellent for treatments 1-10 and the hand-weeded control (Tables 1-5). Kochia, pigweed species, and common lambsquarters control ranged from 90 to 99 percent regardless of the treatment (Tables 1-5). Reduced hairy nightshade control was observed for treatment 12 throughout the season. Barnyardgrass control was very low for treatments 11 and 12 starting July 3, 2007 (Tables 4 and 5). Sugar beet root yield ranged from 53 to 55.9 ton/acre for treatments 1-10 and the hand-weeded control, but was reduced to 29.5 and 43.9 ton/acre for treatments 11 and 12, respectively (Table 6). The trend for root yield reduction was consistent with the level of growth reduction and weed control that was observed during the growing season. As a result, there was a significant drop in the estimated recoverable sugar yield.
Table 1. Roundup Ready® sugar beet response and weed control on May 17, 2007 (7 days after C timing) with postemergence application of Roundup OriginalMax® with and without soil residual herbicides, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2007.
|
|
Visual crop growth reduction |
Kochia |
Pigweed species |
Common lambsquarters |
Hairy nightshade |
||||
|
Treatment |
Rate |
Timing* |
----------------------------------- (0-100%) -------------------------------------- |
||||||
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ NIS |
0.4 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
1.12 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
18 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Select |
8 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
4 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
2.25 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
32 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Ultra |
3 |
oz/acre |
B:C;D;E |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.128 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
1.28 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Methylated Oil |
15 |
ml/l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
95 |
90 |
90 |
28 |
|
|
Progress Ultra |
0.77 |
pt/acre |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.5 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handweeded control |
|
|
|
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
Untreated Check |
|
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
-- |
1 |
NS |
NS |
1 |
||||
|
CV |
-- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
||||
*Timing A = preplant incorporated; B = cotyledon stage; C = 2-leaf sugar beet; D = 4-leaf sugar beet; E = 6-leaf sugar beet, F = 8-leaf sugar beet; G = 10- to 12-leaf sugar beet; H = canopy closure.
Table 2. Roundup Ready® sugar beet response and weed control on May 25, 2007 (14 days after emergence) with postemergence application of Roundup OriginalMax® with and without soil residual herbicides, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2007.
|
|
Visual crop growth reduction |
Kochia |
Pigweed species |
Common lambsquarters |
Hairy nightshade |
|||
|
Treatment |
Rate |
|
Timing* |
--------------------------------------- (0-100%) --------------------------------------- |
||||
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ NIS |
0.4 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
1.12 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
3 |
99 |
99 |
98 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
1 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
18 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
99 |
99 |
97 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Select |
8 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
4 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
8 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
2.25 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
3 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
32 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Ultra |
3 |
oz/acre |
B:C;D;E |
20 |
89 |
99 |
80 |
78 |
|
+ Upbeet |
0.128 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
1.28 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Methylated Oil |
15 |
ml/l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
24 |
91 |
90 |
90 |
21 |
|
Progress Ultra |
0.77 |
pt/acre |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.5 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handweeded control |
|
|
|
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
Untreated check |
|
|
|
29 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
LSD (P = 0.05) |
5 |
3 |
NS |
5 |
4 |
|||
|
CV |
53 |
3 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
|||
*Timing A = preplant incorporated; B = cotyledon stage; C = 2-leaf sugar beet; D = 4-leaf sugar beet; E = 6-leaf sugar beet, F = 8-leaf sugar beet; G = 10- to 12-leaf sugar beet; H = canopy closure.
Table 3. Roundup Ready® sugar beet response and weed control on June 1, 2007 (36 days after emergence) with postemergence application of Roundup OriginalMax® with and without soil residual herbicides, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2007.
|
|
Visual Crop Growth Reduction |
Kochia |
Pigweed species |
Common lambsquarters |
Hairy nightshade |
|||
|
Treatment |
Rate |
|
Timing* |
-------------------------------------- (0-100%) --------------------------------------- |
||||
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ NIS |
0.4 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
1.12 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
99 |
99 |
98 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
18 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
0 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Select |
8 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
4 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
2.25 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
32 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Ultra |
3 |
oz/acre |
B:C;D;E |
19 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
|
+ Upbeet |
0.128 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
1.28 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Methylated Oil |
15 |
ml/l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
25 |
89 |
90 |
90 |
49 |
|
Progress Ultra |
0.77 |
pt/acre |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.5 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handweeded control |
|
|
|
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
Untreated check |
|
|
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
LSD (0.05) |
13 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
18 |
|||
|
CV |
155 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
15 |
|||
*Timing A = preplant incorporated; B = cotyledon stage; C = 2-leaf sugar beet; D = 4-leaf sugar beet; E = 6-leaf sugar beet, F = 8-leaf sugar beet; G = 10- to 12-leaf sugar beet; H = canopy closure.
Table 4. Roundup Ready® sugar beet response and weed control on July 3, 2007 (67 days after emergence) with postemergence application of Roundup OriginalMax® with and without soil residual herbicides, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2007.
|
|
Visual crop growth reduction |
Kochia |
Pigweed species |
Common lambsquarters |
Hairy nightshade |
Barnyardgrass |
||||
|
Treatment |
Rate |
|
Timing* |
--------------------------------------- (0-100%) ------------------------------------- |
||||||
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
98 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
0 |
98 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ NIS |
0.4 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
3 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
1.12 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
3 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
1 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
18 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
3 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Select |
8 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
4 |
pt/acre |
A |
0 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
1 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
2.25 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
1 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
98 |
99 |
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
32 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Ultra |
3 |
oz/acre |
B:C;D;E |
15 |
90 |
59 |
90 |
90 |
25 |
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.128 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
1.28 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Methylated Oil |
15 |
ml/l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
79 |
26 |
66 |
66 |
66 |
25 |
|
|
Progress Ultra |
0.77 |
pt/acre |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.5 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handweeded control |
|
|
|
0 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
Untreated check |
|
|
|
65 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
LSD (P = 0.05) |
17 |
16 |
23 |
16 |
16 |
22 |
||||
|
CV |
99 |
13 |
18 |
12 |
12 |
19 |
||||
*Timing A = preplant incorporated; B = cotyledon stage; C = 2-leaf sugar beet; D = 4-leaf sugar beet; E = 6-leaf sugar beet, F = 8-leaf sugar beet; G = 10- to 12-leaf sugar beet; H = canopy closure.
Table 5. Roundup Ready® sugar beet response and weed control on October 9, 2007 (165 days after emergence) with postemergence application of Roundup OriginalMax® with and without soil residual herbicides, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2007.
|
|
Lady's thumb |
Kochia |
Pigweed species |
Common lambsquarters |
Hairy nightshade |
Barnyardgrass |
||||
|
Treatment |
Rate |
|
Timing* |
------------------------------------- (0-100%) ------------------------------------ |
||||||
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ NIS |
0.4 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
1.12 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
95 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
18 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
97 |
99 |
99 |
97 |
97 |
95 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Select |
8 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
4 |
pt/acre |
A |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
2.25 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
99 |
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
32 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Ultra |
3 |
oz/acre |
B:C;D;E |
52 |
95 |
88 |
90 |
87 |
5 |
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.128 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
1.28 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Methylated Oil |
15 |
ml/l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
65 |
92 |
92 |
92 |
92 |
31 |
|
|
Progress Ultra |
0.77 |
pt/acre |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.5 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handweeded control |
|
|
|
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|
|
Untreated check |
|
|
|
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
|
|
LSD (P = 0.05) |
26 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
14 |
18 |
||||
|
CV |
21 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
11 |
16 |
||||
*Timing A = preplant incorporated; B = cotyledon stage; C = 2-leaf sugar beet; D = 4-leaf sugar beet; E = 6-leaf sugar beet, F = 8-leaf sugar beet; G = 10- to 12-leaf sugar beet; H = canopy closure
Table 6. Roundup Ready® sugar beet root yield and yield components in response to postemergence application of Roundup OriginalMax® with and without soil residual herbicides, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, 2007.
|
|
Root yield |
Sugar content |
Conduc-tivity |
Extraction |
Estimated recoverable sugar |
||||
|
Treatment |
Rate |
|
Timing* |
ton/acre |
% |
mmho |
% |
lb/acre |
lb/ton |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
53.0 |
17.4 |
0.77 |
84.9 |
15,619 |
295 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
54.0 |
17.5 |
0.77 |
84.8 |
15,946 |
296 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ NIS |
0.4 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
55.4 |
17.3 |
0.77 |
84.9 |
16,265 |
294 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
55.1 |
17.6 |
0.97 |
82.1 |
15,906 |
289 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook |
1.12 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
56.0 |
17.3 |
0.81 |
84.3 |
16,304 |
291 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
54.5 |
17.3 |
0.77 |
84.8 |
16,021 |
294 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Outlook Roundup OriginalMax |
18 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C |
55.7 |
17.3 |
0.80 |
84.4 |
16,217 |
291 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Select |
8 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
4 |
pt/acre |
A |
54.7 |
17.4 |
0.77 |
84.8 |
16,160 |
296 |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;E;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
57.2 |
17.6 |
0.71 |
85.7 |
17,262 |
302 |
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
2.25 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
55.9 |
17.3 |
0.79 |
84.5 |
16,295 |
292 |
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
C;H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roundup OriginalMax |
1.33 |
pt/acre |
E |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Ammonium sulfate |
3.2 |
pt/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Nortron |
32 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Progress Ultra |
3 |
oz/acre |
B:C;D;E |
43.9 |
17.2 |
0.86 |
83.6 |
12,574 |
287 |
|
+ Upbeet |
0.128 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
1.28 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Methylated Oil |
15 |
ml/l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nortron |
3 |
pt/acre |
A |
29.5 |
17.5 |
0.81 |
84.4 |
8,722 |
296 |
|
+ Progress Ultra |
0.77 |
pt/acre |
C |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Upbeet |
0.5 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ Stinger |
4 |
oz/acre |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Handweeded control |
|
|
|
54.7 |
17.4 |
0.82 |
84.2 |
15,993 |
293 |
|
Untreated check |
|
|
|
11.1 |
17.4 |
0.76 |
85.0 |
3,287 |
295 |
|
LSD (P = 0.05) |
4.4 |
0.8 |
0.16 |
2.3 |
1,361 |
NS |
|||
|
CV |
6.2 |
3.1 |
14.41 |
1.9 |
7 |
4.2 |
|||
*Timing A = preplant incorporated; B = cotyledon stage; C = 2-leaf sugar beet; D = 4-leaf sugar beet; E = 6-leaf sugar beet, F = 8-leaf sugar beet; G = 10- to 12-leaf sugar beet; H = canopy closure.
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Last updated Tuesday June 28, 2011.
