|
|
EFFECT OF HARVEST TIMING ON ONION YIELD AND STORABILITY, 2009
Clinton C. Shock and Erik B. G. Feibert
Malheur Experiment Station
Oregon State University,
Ontario, OR
John Taberna
Western Laboratories,
Parma, ID
Introduction
Onion harvest for long-day varieties in the Treasure Valley generally extends from mid-August into early October. Optimal dates for onion harvest are not known. Harvest timing guidelines (calendar date or percentage of tops that are down) need to be determined. The effect of harvest timing on yield at harvest and storage losses due to decomposition is unknown. This trial evaluated the effect of harvest timing on bulb yield and storability.
Materials and Methods
Trials were conducted in furrow- and drip-irrigated fields at the Malheur Experiment Station in 2008 with storage prolonged into 2009. The furrow-irrigated field was managed to maintain soil water tension below 25 cb. The last irrigation was on August 27. Varieties ‘Calibra’ (Bejo), ‘Montero’ (Nunhems), and ‘Joaquin’ (Nunhems) were replicated five times. The drip-irrigated field was managed with three irrigation criteria: 10, 20, and 30 cb. Varieties ‘Vaquero’ (Nunhems) and Joaquin were sampled from each irrigation treatment (10, 20, and 30 cb) and were replicated four times at each irrigation criterion. The last irrigation was on September 5. Optimal soil water tension for onions on silt loam is in the range of 20-25 cb for furrow irrigation and 15-20 cb for drip irrigation (Shock et al. 2005).
Each sample consisted of all bulbs from 6.8 ft of one double row in each 23-ft long, four double-row plot. The samples were taken weekly starting on August 15 and ending on September 12. The bulbs from each sample were topped, put in burlap bags, and placed on bare dry soil adjacent to the field to cure for 7 days. After curing the bulbs were graded. During grading, bulbs were separated according to quality: bulbs without blemishes (No. 1s), split bulbs (No. 2s), neck rot (bulbs infected with the fungus Botrytis allii in the neck or side), plate rot (bulbs infected with the fungus Fusarium oxysporum), and black mold (bulbs infected with the fungus Aspergillus niger). The No. 1 bulbs were graded according to diameter: small (<2.25 inches), medium (2.25-3 inches), jumbo (3-4 inches), colossal (4-4.25 inches), and supercolossal (>4.25 inches). Bulb counts per 50 lb of supercolossal onions were determined for each plot of every variety by weighing and counting all supercolossal bulbs during grading. At each sampling date, the onions in each plot were visually rated for the percentage of tops that were down.
After grading, one slice from each of ten bulbs from each sample was placed in a pre-weighed can for each plot. The wet onion tissue plus can was weighed, dried in a forced-air oven at 140°F, and weighed again. The remaining bulb sample was weighed again and put in a cooler at 34°F. Starting on October 21, all samples were taken out of storage monthly and the rotten bulbs from each sample were removed and weighed. The remaining sample was weighed and put back in storage. The final weighing and removal of rotten bulbs was on February 25, 2009. The actual total storage durations were 6.25, 6, 5.75, 5.5, and 5.25 months for the August 15, August 22, August 29, September 5, and September 12 harvests, respectively.
Results and Discussion
Yield
Furrow-irrigated Field
For Calibra and Montero, most of the tops were down by September 5 (Table 1). For Joaquin, the highest percentage of tops down occurred at the last harvest date of September 12. Marketable yield at harvest increased up to September 5 for Joaquin and Montero. The percentage of tops down on September 5 was 22 percent for Joaquin and 84 percent for Montero. Marketable yield of Calibra at harvest did not significantly increase after the first harvest date of August 15. From the first harvest on August 15 to the last harvest on September 12, the percentage of tops down for Calibra ranged from 20 to 90 percent and marketable yield at harvest ranged from 523 to 576 cwt/acre.
For Calibra and Montero, total yield after storage increased as the percentage of tops down at harvest increased (Fig. 1). For Joaquin, yield after storage was highest when onions were harvested with 27 percent tops down.
Averaged over the three varieties, the percentage of tops down increased up to the last harvest date of September 12 (70 percent tops down). Surprisingly, averaged over the three varieties, total yield after 5 months of storage increased up to the last harvest date of September 12. Averaged over the three varieties, the percent total losses during storage decreased with successive harvest date and were lowest at the last harvest date, September 12.
Drip-irrigated Field
Averaged over irrigation treatments, the percentage of tops down continued to increase up to the last harvest date of September 12 for Vaquero and Joaquin (Table 2). Averaged over irrigation treatments and varieties, the percentage of tops down increased up to the last harvest on September 12. Averaged over irrigation treatments and varieties, marketable yield at harvest did not significantly increase after September 5. Averaged over irrigation treatments and varieties, total yield and losses after storage were similar for the first three harvest dates (Aug. 15, 22, and 29). Total yield after storage was significantly higher for the September 5 and September 12 harvests. Storage losses were lowest with the last harvest on September 12.
For Vaquero and Joaquin, averaged over irrigation treatments, total yield after storage increased as the percentage of tops down at harvest increased (Fig. 2).
Bulb Nutrient Content
Furrow-irrigated Field
Averaged over varieties, there were significant differences in bulb nutrient content between harvest dates for P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn (Table 3). However, only Ca content showed a clear trend in response to harvest date. Calcium content decreased with successive harvest date.
Drip-irrigated Field
Averaged over varieties and irrigation regimes, there were significant differences in bulb nutrient content between harvest dates for P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn (Table 4). However, only P, S, Ca, Mg, and Mn content showed a clear trend of decreasing nutrient content with successive harvest date.
Conclusions
For furrow-irrigated onions, yields at harvest did not increase after the August 29 harvest, about 2 days after the last irrigation on August 27. For long term storage of furrow irrigated onion, harvest needed to be delayed until September 12, about two weeks after the last irrigation. For the drip-irrigated onions, yields increased until September 5, the same date as the last irrigation. For the drip-irrigated onions, storage losses were lowest at the last harvest on September 12, about 1 week after the last irrigation.
References
Shock, C.C., R. Flock, E. Feibert, C.A. Shock, A. Pereira, and L. Jensen. 2005. Irrigation monitoring using soil water tension. Oregon State University Extension Service EM 8900.
Acknowledgements
This project was partially funded by the Western Sustainable Agricultural Research and Education Program, the Idaho-Eastern Oregon Onion Committee, cooperating onion seed companies, and Oregon State University.
Table 1. Yield and grade for three furrow-irrigated onion varieties harvested on five dates in 2008, and marketable yield after storage ending on February 25, 2009. Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR.
|
At harvest |
|
After storage to February 25 |
|||||||
Harvest date |
Tops down |
Marketable yield by grade |
Total yield |
|
Marketable yield out of storage |
Storage loss |
||||
|
>4¼ in |
4-4¼ in |
3-4 in |
2¼-3 in |
Total |
|
||||
|
% |
----------------------------------------- cwt/acre ------------------------------------- |
% |
|||||||
|
Calibra |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
364.5 |
158.9 |
523.4 |
548.5 |
|
285.3 |
48.3 |
Aug. 22 |
54.0 |
16.1 |
37.9 |
395.5 |
108.6 |
558.1 |
573.5 |
|
316.6 |
45.7 |
Aug. 29 |
68.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
540.1 |
50.1 |
590.2 |
601.0 |
|
384.6 |
36.0 |
Sept. 5 |
86.0 |
0.0 |
6.2 |
524.7 |
45.5 |
576.3 |
576.8 |
|
484.6 |
16.0 |
Sept. 12 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
7.7 |
503.1 |
64.7 |
575.5 |
594.8 |
|
546.0 |
8.4 |
average |
63.6 |
3.2 |
10.4 |
465.6 |
85.6 |
564.7 |
578.9 |
|
403.4 |
30.9 |
|
Joaquin |
|||||||||
Aug. 15 |
5.0 |
0.0 |
63.7 |
472.5 |
74.2 |
610.3 |
616.2 |
|
350.9 |
42.1 |
Aug. 22 |
10.0 |
36.2 |
62.4 |
512.4 |
81.2 |
692.2 |
703.9 |
|
397.0 |
43.5 |
Aug. 29 |
16.0 |
10.8 |
184.1 |
656.4 |
18.5 |
869.8 |
879.9 |
|
550.4 |
26.8 |
Sept. 5 |
22.0 |
85.5 |
259.6 |
439.2 |
8.6 |
792.9 |
808.7 |
|
500.1 |
28.4 |
Sept. 12 |
32.0 |
28.5 |
263.5 |
453.8 |
2.5 |
748.3 |
763.7 |
|
610.5 |
16.6 |
average |
17.0 |
32.2 |
166.7 |
506.8 |
37.0 |
742.7 |
754.5 |
|
481.8 |
31.5 |
|
Montero |
|||||||||
Aug. 15 |
16.0 |
0.0 |
4.1 |
491.9 |
62.3 |
558.3 |
569.7 |
|
343.8 |
40.2 |
Aug. 22 |
48.0 |
0.0 |
14.0 |
568.7 |
37.2 |
620.0 |
632.7 |
|
371.7 |
34.7 |
Aug. 29 |
66.0 |
0.0 |
26.2 |
577.1 |
24.7 |
627.9 |
636.1 |
|
442.5 |
30.7 |
Sept. 5 |
84.0 |
0.0 |
58.6 |
627.9 |
27.1 |
713.6 |
713.9 |
|
500.5 |
29.9 |
Sept. 12 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
67.8 |
592.5 |
34.7 |
694.9 |
704.2 |
|
645.6 |
8.3 |
average |
60.8 |
0.0 |
34.1 |
571.6 |
37.2 |
642.9 |
651.3 |
|
460.8 |
28.7 |
|
Average |
|||||||||
Aug. 15 |
13.7 |
0.0 |
22.6 |
443.0 |
98.5 |
564.0 |
578.1 |
|
326.7 |
43.5 |
Aug. 22 |
37.3 |
17.4 |
38.1 |
492.2 |
75.6 |
623.4 |
636.7 |
|
361.7 |
41.8 |
Aug. 29 |
50.0 |
3.6 |
70.1 |
591.2 |
31.1 |
696.0 |
705.6 |
|
459.2 |
31.5 |
Sept. 5 |
64.0 |
28.5 |
108.1 |
530.6 |
27.1 |
694.3 |
699.8 |
|
495.1 |
23.8 |
Sept. 12 |
70.7 |
9.5 |
113.0 |
516.5 |
34.0 |
672.9 |
687.6 |
|
600.7 |
10.7 |
LSD (0.05) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variety |
5.4 |
NS |
66.1 |
76.2 |
29.3 |
80.1 |
73.6 |
|
50.6 |
NS |
Harvest date |
3.6 |
NS |
47.3 |
60.0 |
30.8 |
47.6 |
48.0 |
|
66.7 |
9.9 |
Variety X harv. date |
6.3 |
NS |
81.9 |
104.0 |
NS |
82.5 |
83.2 |
|
NS |
NS |
| Table 2. Yield and grade for two onion varieties submitted to three drip-irrigation regimes and harvested on five dates in 2008, and marketable yield after storage ending on February 25, 2009. Oregon State University, Ontario, OR.
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
At harvest |
|
After storage to February 25 |
|||||||
| Harvest date |
Tops down |
Marketable yield by grade |
Total yield |
|
Marketable yield out of storage |
Storage loss |
||||
| >4¼ in |
4-4¼ in |
3-4 in |
2¼-3 in |
Total |
|
|||||
|
|
% |
-------------------------------------------- cwt/acre --------------------------------------------- |
% |
|||||||
|
Vaquero 10 cb |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
10 |
60.2 |
146.4 |
580.1 |
44.9 |
831.6 |
831.6 |
|
473.3 |
39.8 |
Aug. 22 |
35 |
180.8 |
258.3 |
484.5 |
5.8 |
929.4 |
932.2 |
|
598.5 |
30.8 |
Aug. 29 |
42.5 |
166.4 |
322.2 |
339 |
19.7 |
847.2 |
851.4 |
|
523.6 |
46.7 |
Sept. 5 |
60 |
64.5 |
470.9 |
352.5 |
2.9 |
890.8 |
928.6 |
|
794.5 |
14.5 |
Sept. 12 |
77.5 |
120.4 |
287 |
494.1 |
9.6 |
1023.4 |
1042.7 |
|
971.9 |
6.7 |
average |
45 |
118.5 |
297 |
450 |
16.6 |
904.5 |
917.3 |
|
672.3 |
27.7 |
|
Vaquero 20 cb |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
8.8 |
86 |
136.6 |
517 |
30.4 |
770.1 |
785.3 |
|
549 |
33.3 |
Aug. 22 |
22.5 |
128.4 |
116.1 |
460.1 |
21.9 |
726.5 |
731.9 |
|
492.8 |
42 |
Aug. 29 |
32.5 |
61.1 |
215.5 |
424.7 |
18.2 |
719.5 |
725.1 |
|
501.4 |
43.4 |
Sept. 5 |
52.5 |
188.8 |
203.2 |
471.9 |
0 |
863.9 |
914.1 |
|
821.7 |
20.3 |
Sept. 12 |
62.5 |
236.9 |
399.7 |
302.4 |
8.7 |
947.7 |
972.7 |
|
886.3 |
9.1 |
average |
35.8 |
140.2 |
214.2 |
435.2 |
15.8 |
805.5 |
825.8 |
|
650.2 |
29.6 |
|
Vaquero 30 cb |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
17.5 |
58.8 |
120.5 |
446.2 |
42.1 |
667.6 |
671.4 |
|
488.3 |
29.9 |
Aug. 22 |
37.5 |
36.9 |
87.1 |
352.6 |
166 |
642.6 |
657.8 |
|
491.3 |
33.1 |
Aug. 29 |
52.5 |
19.7 |
122.8 |
440.1 |
50.5 |
633.1 |
640.8 |
|
505.1 |
40.6 |
Sept. 5 |
65 |
42.4 |
100.2 |
486.3 |
25.4 |
654.3 |
688.6 |
|
577.9 |
10.3 |
Sept. 12 |
77.5 |
30.8 |
225.4 |
395.8 |
67.4 |
719.4 |
734.8 |
|
670.6 |
8.8 |
average |
50 |
37.7 |
131.2 |
424.2 |
70.3 |
663.4 |
678.7 |
|
546.6 |
24.5 |
|
Vaquero average |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
12.1 |
68.3 |
134.5 |
514.4 |
39.2 |
756.4 |
762.8 |
|
506.3 |
30.6 |
Aug. 22 |
31.7 |
115.4 |
153.8 |
432.4 |
64.5 |
766.1 |
774 |
|
521.1 |
28.9 |
Aug. 29 |
42.5 |
82.4 |
220.2 |
401.3 |
29.5 |
733.3 |
857.8 |
|
510 |
39.8 |
Sept. 5 |
59.2 |
98.6 |
258.1 |
436.9 |
9.4 |
803 |
843.8 |
|
731.3 |
13.6 |
Sept. 12 |
72.5 |
129.4 |
304 |
397.4 |
28.6 |
885.3 |
878.3 |
|
831.2 |
8.4 |
average |
43.6 |
98.8 |
214.1 |
436.5 |
34.2 |
788.8 |
823.3 |
|
620 |
24.3 |
|
Joaquin 10 cb |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
7.5 |
129.8 |
103.5 |
428.8 |
27.5 |
689.7 |
697.7 |
|
450.3 |
35.1 |
Aug. 22 |
12.5 |
94.3 |
175.4 |
444.9 |
20.5 |
735.1 |
738.4 |
|
420.7 |
34.6 |
Aug. 29 |
17.5 |
195.8 |
134.1 |
315.2 |
2.9 |
648 |
650.4 |
|
462.2 |
45.3 |
Sept. 5 |
27.5 |
236 |
357.3 |
236 |
6.7 |
835.9 |
853.9 |
|
687.5 |
15.9 |
Sept. 12 |
40 |
192.6 |
300.5 |
264.8 |
9.6 |
767.6 |
792.8 |
|
721.7 |
5.3 |
average |
21 |
169.7 |
214.2 |
337.9 |
13.5 |
735.3 |
746.6 |
|
548.5 |
27.2 |
|
Joaquin 20 cb |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
6.3 |
100.2 |
122.2 |
420.8 |
34.1 |
677.3 |
687.1 |
|
445.9 |
24.5 |
Aug. 22 |
15 |
165.1 |
91.3 |
422.4 |
26.1 |
704.8 |
707.1 |
|
454.5 |
23.3 |
Aug. 29 |
20 |
141.1 |
133.4 |
306.7 |
33 |
614.2 |
791.3 |
|
431.4 |
32.1 |
Sept. 5 |
32.5 |
163.7 |
291.8 |
447.8 |
15.4 |
918.8 |
918.8 |
|
758.6 |
16 |
Sept. 12 |
32.5 |
140.6 |
287 |
367.9 |
5.8 |
801.3 |
823.6 |
|
779.8 |
9.4 |
average |
21.3 |
142.1 |
185.1 |
393.1 |
22.9 |
743.3 |
785.6 |
|
574.1 |
21.1 |
|
Joaquin 30 cb |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
10 |
62.8 |
108.4 |
318.5 |
69.1 |
558.8 |
583.8 |
|
315.6 |
48.8 |
Aug. 22 |
22.5 |
99.3 |
184.5 |
247.5 |
33.2 |
564.6 |
570.5 |
|
385.6 |
30.8 |
Aug. 29 |
22.5 |
51.9 |
136.9 |
320.8 |
28.1 |
537.7 |
547.5 |
|
398.3 |
36.7 |
Sept. 5 |
32.5 |
98.2 |
292.8 |
319.7 |
4.8 |
715.6 |
716.5 |
|
620.3 |
14.3 |
Sept. 12 |
45 |
88.6 |
252.3 |
301.4 |
29.9 |
672.2 |
695.5 |
|
635.3 |
7.7 |
average |
26.5 |
80.2 |
195 |
301.6 |
33 |
609.8 |
622.8 |
|
471 |
27.6 |
|
Joaquin average |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
7.9 |
97.6 |
111.4 |
389.4 |
43.6 |
641.9 |
656.2 |
|
404 |
39 |
Aug. 22 |
16.7 |
119.6 |
150.4 |
371.6 |
26.6 |
668.1 |
672 |
|
420.3 |
35.8 |
Aug. 29 |
20 |
129.6 |
134.8 |
314.2 |
21.3 |
599.9 |
749.4 |
|
430.7 |
41.8 |
Sept. 5 |
30.8 |
166 |
314 |
334.5 |
9 |
823.4 |
829.7 |
|
688.8 |
16.8 |
Sept. 12 |
39.2 |
140.6 |
279.9 |
311.4 |
15.1 |
747 |
770.6 |
|
712.3 |
7.4 |
average |
22.9 |
130.7 |
198.1 |
344.2 |
23.1 |
696.1 |
735.6 |
|
531.2 |
28.2 |
|
Average |
|
||||||||
Aug. 15 |
10 |
83 |
122.9 |
451.9 |
41.4 |
699.2 |
709.5 |
|
452.9 |
35 |
Aug. 22 |
24.2 |
117.5 |
152.1 |
402 |
45.6 |
717.1 |
723 |
|
468.5 |
32.5 |
Aug. 29 |
31.3 |
106 |
177.5 |
357.7 |
25.4 |
666.6 |
803.6 |
|
470.3 |
40.8 |
Sept. 5 |
45 |
132.3 |
286 |
385.7 |
9.2 |
813.2 |
836.7 |
|
710.1 |
15.2 |
Sept. 12 |
55.8 |
135 |
292 |
354.4 |
21.8 |
813.2 |
824.5 |
|
769.1 |
7.9 |
LSD (0.05) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variety |
9.2 |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
61.1 |
50.2 |
|
60.7 |
6.3 |
Harvest date |
4.2 |
NS |
57.8 |
NS |
NS |
65.7 |
66.7 |
|
81.6 |
6.9 |
Variety X harv. date |
5.9 |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
|
NS |
NS |
Table 3. Nutrient content of onion bulbs from three varieties harvested on five dates and grown under furrow irrigation in 2008. Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR.
| Table 4. Nutrient content of onion bulbs from for two onion varieties grown under three drip irrigation regimes and harvested on five dates in 2008. Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR. |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tops down |
N |
P |
K |
S |
Ca |
Mg |
Zn |
Mn |
Cu |
Fe |
B |
Na |
|
|
|
% |
--------------- % fresh weight ------------------- |
---------------- ppm fresh weight------------------ |
||||||||||
|
Vaquero 10 cb |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
10.0 |
0.155 |
0.040 |
0.153 |
0.057 |
0.067 |
0.018 |
2.67 |
2.71 |
0.529 |
29.36 |
2.10 |
0.0129 |
Aug. 22 |
35.0 |
0.174 |
0.038 |
0.144 |
0.053 |
0.064 |
0.018 |
7.03 |
3.62 |
0.55 |
69.46 |
1.81 |
0.011 |
Aug. 29 |
42.5 |
0.162 |
0.036 |
0.144 |
0.055 |
0.054 |
0.016 |
3.06 |
2.29 |
0.442 |
35.52 |
1.82 |
0.0083 |
Sept. 5 |
60.0 |
0.187 |
0.036 |
0.147 |
0.052 |
0.055 |
0.016 |
2.05 |
2.23 |
0.483 |
30.28 |
1.97 |
0.0116 |
Sept. 12 |
77.5 |
0.160 |
0.034 |
0.148 |
0.052 |
0.053 |
0.014 |
1.73 |
1.14 |
0.438 |
21.81 |
1.78 |
0.01 |
average |
45.0 |
0.167 |
0.037 |
0.147 |
0.054 |
0.059 |
0.016 |
3.31 |
2.40 |
0.489 |
37.29 |
1.90 |
0.0108 |
|
Vaquero 20 cb |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
8.8 |
0.196 |
0.053 |
0.199 |
0.077 |
0.079 |
0.022 |
2.92 |
2.81 |
0.586 |
17.31 |
2.58 |
0.0129 |
Aug. 22 |
22.5 |
0.184 |
0.045 |
0.155 |
0.058 |
0.070 |
0.018 |
4.86 |
2.29 |
0.601 |
28.64 |
2.13 |
0.0111 |
Aug. 29 |
32.5 |
0.177 |
0.037 |
0.141 |
0.054 |
0.056 |
0.015 |
2.69 |
2.05 |
0.438 |
20.30 |
1.76 |
0.0081 |
Sept. 5 |
52.5 |
0.192 |
0.036 |
0.166 |
0.057 |
0.064 |
0.016 |
2.63 |
1.83 |
0.579 |
15.57 |
2.18 |
0.0124 |
Sept. 12 |
62.5 |
0.182 |
0.037 |
0.151 |
0.055 |
0.057 |
0.014 |
1.84 |
1.25 |
0.453 |
8.94 |
1.86 |
0.0096 |
average |
35.8 |
0.186 |
0.041 |
0.162 |
0.060 |
0.065 |
0.017 |
2.99 |
2.05 |
0.532 |
18.15 |
2.10 |
0.0108 |
|
Vaquero 30 cb |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
17.5 |
0.186 |
0.048 |
0.181 |
0.066 |
0.069 |
0.018 |
2.68 |
2.44 |
0.563 |
14.96 |
2.07 |
0.0098 |
Aug. 22 |
37.5 |
0.178 |
0.044 |
0.158 |
0.060 |
0.071 |
0.017 |
5.29 |
2.04 |
0.601 |
15.18 |
2.12 |
0.0094 |
Aug. 29 |
52.5 |
0.170 |
0.043 |
0.168 |
0.059 |
0.061 |
0.017 |
3.92 |
3.19 |
0.556 |
41.31 |
2.15 |
0.0075 |
Sept. 5 |
65.0 |
0.176 |
0.042 |
0.166 |
0.059 |
0.058 |
0.015 |
2.22 |
2.06 |
0.542 |
14.98 |
1.95 |
0.0106 |
Sept. 12 |
77.5 |
0.178 |
0.037 |
0.150 |
0.056 |
0.063 |
0.015 |
2.08 |
2.11 |
0.546 |
10.76 |
2.25 |
0.0099 |
average |
50.0 |
0.178 |
0.043 |
0.165 |
0.060 |
0.065 |
0.016 |
3.24 |
2.37 |
0.562 |
19.44 |
2.11 |
0.0094 |
|
Vaquero average |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
12.1 |
0.179 |
0.047 |
0.178 |
0.067 |
0.072 |
0.019 |
2.76 |
2.65 |
0.56 |
20.55 |
2.25 |
0.0118 |
Aug. 22 |
31.7 |
0.179 |
0.042 |
0.153 |
0.057 |
0.068 |
0.018 |
5.73 |
2.65 |
0.584 |
37.76 |
2.02 |
0.0105 |
Aug. 29 |
42.5 |
0.170 |
0.039 |
0.151 |
0.056 |
0.057 |
0.016 |
3.22 |
2.51 |
0.479 |
31.56 |
1.91 |
0.008 |
Sept. 5 |
59.2 |
0.185 |
0.038 |
0.160 |
0.056 |
0.059 |
0.016 |
2.30 |
2.04 |
0.535 |
20.28 |
2.03 |
0.0115 |
Sept. 12 |
72.5 |
0.173 |
0.036 |
0.150 |
0.054 |
0.058 |
0.014 |
1.88 |
1.50 |
0.479 |
13.84 |
1.96 |
0.0098 |
average |
43.6 |
0.177 |
0.040 |
0.158 |
0.058 |
0.063 |
0.017 |
3.18 |
2.27 |
0.527 |
24.80 |
2.04 |
0.0103 |
|
Joaquin 10 cb |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
7.5 |
0.164 |
0.034 |
0.138 |
0.055 |
0.069 |
0.018 |
2.56 |
3.41 |
0.601 |
39.59 |
2.29 |
0.01 |
Aug. 22 |
12.5 |
0.151 |
0.036 |
0.138 |
0.051 |
0.073 |
0.018 |
3.56 |
2.82 |
0.509 |
38.88 |
1.89 |
0.0121 |
Aug. 29 |
17.5 |
0.158 |
0.032 |
0.129 |
0.050 |
0.055 |
0.014 |
3.37 |
1.86 |
0.402 |
19.98 |
1.83 |
0.0078 |
Sept. 5 |
27.5 |
0.161 |
0.034 |
0.139 |
0.049 |
0.050 |
0.013 |
1.86 |
1.84 |
0.42 |
14.45 |
1.72 |
0.0083 |
Sept. 12 |
40.0 |
0.153 |
0.036 |
0.145 |
0.053 |
0.053 |
0.013 |
1.97 |
1.59 |
0.473 |
8.72 |
1.60 |
0.0089 |
average |
21.0 |
0.157 |
0.035 |
0.138 |
0.052 |
0.060 |
0.015 |
2.66 |
2.30 |
0.481 |
24.32 |
1.87 |
0.0094 |
|
Joaquin 20 cb |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
6.3 |
0.186 |
0.044 |
0.160 |
0.064 |
0.070 |
0.019 |
2.58 |
2.77 |
0.487 |
29.61 |
2.26 |
0.0117 |
Aug. 22 |
15.0 |
0.193 |
0.043 |
0.147 |
0.055 |
0.073 |
0.019 |
4.73 |
3.20 |
0.575 |
31.35 |
2.36 |
0.0128 |
Aug. 29 |
20.0 |
0.174 |
0.035 |
0.136 |
0.052 |
0.060 |
0.015 |
2.29 |
2.19 |
0.412 |
32.90 |
1.88 |
0.0087 |
Sept. 5 |
32.5 |
0.163 |
0.034 |
0.150 |
0.052 |
0.053 |
0.014 |
2.26 |
2.74 |
0.932 |
52.51 |
2.02 |
0.0094 |
Sept. 12 |
32.5 |
0.173 |
0.035 |
0.144 |
0.052 |
0.052 |
0.013 |
1.92 |
1.63 |
0.434 |
11.65 |
1.63 |
0.0098 |
average |
21.3 |
0.178 |
0.038 |
0.147 |
0.055 |
0.062 |
0.016 |
2.76 |
2.51 |
0.568 |
31.60 |
2.03 |
0.0105 |
|
Joaquin 30 cb |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
10.0 |
0.198 |
0.044 |
0.181 |
0.069 |
0.083 |
0.020 |
2.65 |
3.22 |
0.584 |
21.92 |
2.26 |
0.0114 |
Aug. 22 |
22.5 |
0.181 |
0.047 |
0.167 |
0.062 |
0.074 |
0.018 |
4.97 |
2.57 |
0.621 |
13.52 |
2.20 |
0.0108 |
Aug. 29 |
22.5 |
0.182 |
0.042 |
0.156 |
0.058 |
0.055 |
0.015 |
5.38 |
1.99 |
0.484 |
12.85 |
1.96 |
0.0073 |
Sept. 5 |
32.5 |
0.158 |
0.035 |
0.144 |
0.052 |
0.053 |
0.012 |
1.77 |
1.34 |
0.48 |
34.02 |
1.90 |
0.0076 |
Sept. 12 |
45.0 |
0.157 |
0.036 |
0.152 |
0.054 |
0.055 |
0.013 |
1.87 |
1.29 |
0.473 |
31.06 |
2.02 |
0.0085 |
average |
26.5 |
0.175 |
0.041 |
0.160 |
0.059 |
0.064 |
0.016 |
3.33 |
2.08 |
0.529 |
22.67 |
2.07 |
0.0091 |
|
Joaquin average |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
7.9 |
0.183 |
0.041 |
0.160 |
0.063 |
0.074 |
0.019 |
2.60 |
3.13 |
0.558 |
30.37 |
2.27 |
0.011 |
Aug. 22 |
16.7 |
0.175 |
0.042 |
0.151 |
0.056 |
0.073 |
0.018 |
4.42 |
2.86 |
0.569 |
27.92 |
2.15 |
0.0119 |
Aug. 29 |
20.0 |
0.171 |
0.036 |
0.140 |
0.054 |
0.057 |
0.015 |
3.68 |
2.02 |
0.432 |
21.91 |
1.89 |
0.0079 |
Sept. 5 |
30.8 |
0.161 |
0.034 |
0.144 |
0.051 |
0.052 |
0.013 |
1.97 |
1.97 |
0.611 |
33.66 |
1.88 |
0.0085 |
Sept. 12 |
39.2 |
0.161 |
0.036 |
0.147 |
0.053 |
0.053 |
0.013 |
1.92 |
1.50 |
0.46 |
17.14 |
1.75 |
0.0091 |
average |
22.9 |
0.170 |
0.038 |
0.148 |
0.055 |
0.062 |
0.016 |
2.92 |
2.30 |
0.526 |
26.20 |
1.99 |
0.0097 |
|
By harvest date averaged over varieties |
||||||||||||
Aug. 15 |
10.0 |
0.181 |
0.044 |
0.169 |
0.065 |
0.073 |
0.019 |
2.68 |
2.89 |
0.559 |
25.46 |
2.26 |
0.0114 |
Aug. 22 |
24.2 |
0.177 |
0.042 |
0.152 |
0.056 |
0.071 |
0.018 |
5.08 |
2.76 |
0.576 |
32.84 |
2.08 |
0.0112 |
Aug. 29 |
31.3 |
0.170 |
0.038 |
0.146 |
0.055 |
0.057 |
0.015 |
3.45 |
2.26 |
0.456 |
26.52 |
1.90 |
0.0079 |
Sept. 5 |
45.0 |
0.173 |
0.036 |
0.152 |
0.054 |
0.056 |
0.014 |
2.13 |
2.01 |
0.573 |
26.97 |
1.96 |
0.01 |
Sept. 12 |
55.8 |
0.167 |
0.036 |
0.148 |
0.054 |
0.056 |
0.014 |
1.90 |
1.50 |
0.469 |
15.49 |
1.86 |
0.0094 |
|
Irrigation average |
||||||||||||
10 cb |
33.0 |
0.162 |
0.036 |
0.143 |
0.053 |
0.059 |
0.016 |
2.99 |
2.35 |
0.485 |
30.80 |
1.88 |
0.0101 |
20 cb |
28.5 |
0.182 |
0.040 |
0.155 |
0.058 |
0.063 |
0.017 |
2.87 |
2.28 |
0.55 |
24.88 |
2.07 |
0.0106 |
30 cb |
38.3 |
0.176 |
0.042 |
0.162 |
0.059 |
0.064 |
0.016 |
3.28 |
2.23 |
0.545 |
20.54 |
2.09 |
0.0093 |
LSD (0.05) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Irrigation |
NS |
0.013 |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
Variety |
9.2 |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
Harvest date |
4.2 |
NS |
0.003 |
0.008 |
0.004 |
0.005 |
0.001 |
0.750 |
0.373 |
NS |
NS |
0.140 |
0.0011 |
Var. X harv. date |
5.9 |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
NS |
0.0016 |
Figure 1. Relationship between percent tops down at harvest and total yield at harvest in 2008 and marketable yield after storage up to 25 February 2009 for three varieties grown under furrow irrigation.
Figure 2. Relationship between percent tops down at harvest and total yield at harvest in 2008 and marketable yield after storage up to 25 February 2009 for two varieties grown under drip irrigation grown under three irrigation criteria.
Cite as:
Shock, C.C., Feibert, E.B.G., and Taberna, J.
2010. Effect of Harvest Timing on Onion Yield and Storability. P 81-91.
In Shock C.C. (Ed.) Oregon State
University Agricultural Experiment Station, Malheur Experiment Station Annual
Report 2009, Department of Crop and Soil Science Ext/CrS 131.
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Last updated Tuesday July 19, 2011.
